One of the popular quotations: "In reality, the parasites killed many more people than all the wars in history."Surprising as a simple, sometimes single -celled creature, it is possible to disrupt the work of a large body.People were not in debt.Methods have been developed that allow you to identify a parasitic invasion in the early stages and start treatment in a timely manner.Analyzes for parasites in adults can be passed on both a regular state hospital and in the private clinics laboratory.
Who are the parasites and how to identify them
Parasites are a large group of organisms capable of existence only because of the owner's resources.They can't live on their own.The parasites in the human body are fixed to the skin (bugs, ticks), in the gastrointestinal tract (ascarides, pinworms).In the intestine, the most favorable environment for the vital activity of the parasite.There are also creatures living on lymph vessels (filiria), in the mucous membranes of the internal organs (trematoda).To acquire a foundation on the host body, worms and protozoa use suction cups, hooks, clothes, chitin tiles or strong hairs.
It is possible to determine the presence of parasites in the human body and their colony, using methods of modern laboratory diagnosis.Which tests should be taken for parasites for adults:
- Histological study of feces.
- Serological studies (blood tests): immunosorbent analysis (ELISU), indirect hemagglutination reaction (RNG), immunofluorescence reaction (reef or kuns method), reaction of the connection of the compound.
- PCR analysis.
Often the diagnosis is difficult because not all parasites have characteristic clinical manifestations, and not all methods are just as sensitive.What is the name of the analysis to be taken, means the attending doctor.It is often recommended to take a comprehensive analysis for parasites.
What is the risk of parasites
Parasitic invasions greatly impoverish human immunity.Immunity is one of the constituents of the body's regulatory system.With good immunity:
Be careful
According to statistics, more than 1 billion people are infected with parasites.You may not even suspect that you have become a victim of parasites.
It is easy to determine the presence of parasites in the body by a symptom - an unpleasant odor from the mouth.Ask loved ones if you have a smell of mouth in the morning (before brushing your teeth).If so, with a probability of 99% you are infected with parasites.
Infection with parasites leads to neurosis, rapid fatigue, sharp mood changes, more serious diseases begin further.
Men with menParasites cause: prostatitis, impotence, adenoma, cystitis, sand, kidney stones and bladder.
In women: Pain and inflammation of the ovary.Fibroma, myoma, fibrous acid mastopathy, inflammation of the adrenal glands, bladder and kidneys are developing.As well as heart and cancer.
We immediately want to warn that you do not need to run at the pharmacy and buy expensive medicines, which, according to the pharmacists, will create all the parasites.Most medicines are extremely ineffective, in addition, they cause great damage to the body:
- The risk of virus infection increases;
- The level of antioxidant and anti -cancer is reduced;
- There is a violation of vascular permeability and malfunctions in hematopoiesis.
Parasites can cause serious allergic reactions.
Helminants also have a direct harmful effect.They are glued to the internal organs with sharp hooks or plates, mechanically damaging mucous membranes.Normal work of the affected body is violated.
Helminth activities damage the body at the molecular level.The rate of insulin synthesis, growth factor and collagen is reduced.This leads to a slowdown in growth processes and physical development.Inhalation in the small intestine also decreases.Parasitic infections are characterized by minor chronic blood loss by the affected organs.
Recent scientific studies have shown, intestinal worms distinguish specific toxins that suppress cytokine activities.These are information molecules that regulate intercellular contacts.They provide information about cells about the external environment.If there is free space, then the cell can start separation.Blocking cytokine work can lead to the formation of a tumor.Cytokines also provide an agreed reaction of immune, nervous and hormonal systems to the action of foreign agents.
Reasons for providing analysis to parasites
When infected with individual parasites, a person may not feel symptoms.But over time, the number of helminths increases, and the infection begins to manifest.It is necessary to do tests for parasites if there are symptoms such as abdominal pain of different localization that can occur spontaneously or in palpation.
The nature of the symptoms depends on the type of parasites.Itching and burning in the anal region cause pinworms worms.Ascarides provoke severe allergic reactions as well as abdominal pain.Lambia, Echinococci and Bicondumure affect the liver.They are often the cause of obstruction of the biliary tract and cholestasis (biliary stagnation), inflammation of the gall bladder.Light fat drops are one of the main signs of liver and pancreas pathology.The symptom of the parasitic effect on the liver and gall bladder is pain in the proper hypochondrium.
If some of the listed symptoms appear, it is necessary to go to the hospital in order to identify the parasites in the body in time.It is necessary to do regular preventive tests for children's parasites, people living or working with animals.If raw meat, sharp, slightly salty, layer or fish are regularly consumed for food, the risk of infection is very high.In this case, it is also necessary to check regularly to identify the parasites.
Detail
A histological coprogram is a microscopic study of feces to detect eggs, larvae or traces of life -adult life activity.Detailed feces analysis is a universal method for detecting intestinal helminths (pinworms, ascaris, ankylost, plum -ground).
How to get a fecal analysis.You need to buy a special sterile container at a pharmacy.Is filled with fecal mass with one -third of the volume.Before defecation, it is necessary to urinate so that the urine does not fall into the sample.The lid of the stuffed container is tightly distorted.
Biomaterial can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 8 hours, after this time it is no longer suitable for research.One week before the analysis, you should stop taking any medication, exclude fried and fatty dishes.On the eve of the material's fence, you cannot put rectal candles, drink a laxative or make enemas.
The main drawback of Koprogram is low efficiency (about 35%).Helminants do not lay eggs daily.Therefore, the analysis of the feces for parasites should be taken three times with an interval of 3-5 days.Disordered results can usually be obtained 4-6 days after delivery.
Parasites
A scrap or stain from the anus area is obtained only for the diagnosis of enterobiosis (pinworm worms).Staining is taken in two ways:
- using a special spatula or cotton wool;
- With the help of an adhesive tape.
A spatula can be bought at a pharmacy.Staining is removed around the anus and claws.The procedure can be performed at home or in a clinic.The fence of the material is performed in the morning before you cannot wash or shower.If the scrap is made at home, then the shoulder should be placed in a closed container or bag, and on the same day it is delivered to the lab.The result of the analysis can be obtained tomorrow.To make an accurate diagnosis, the analysis for the parasites must be delivered several times.
Blood tests
You can donate blood to the parasites.This is a universal object of laboratory research.By changing its composition, you can judge pathologies within the body.How to identify parasites, examining blood, what tests are donated?An immunosorbent analysis is performed for antibodies and antigens, a reaction of indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescence.In a general blood test, in the presence of parasitic infection in the body, the level of eosinophils has increased.
Elisa
Immunoformal analysis (ELISA) allows you to determine the presence and concentration of immunoglobulin (antibodies) in the blood, which are produced in response to the occupation of foreign agents (antigens).IFA analysis is a very sensitive method that allows you to identify antigens even in small quantities.With its help, you can accurately determine the type of parasites, the colony number, and the process development phase.
ELISA for parasites in the human body is deciphered according to five antibody classes.To diagnose helminthic occupation, there are enough immunoglobulins of only three classes:
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM).They are produced 4 days after infection, present in the blood for 6 weeks.The presence of IgM indicates the intense reproduction of foreign agents.
- Immunoglobulins G (IgG).They enter the bloodstream in 20-28 days after the infection, may be present in plasma for several months or years.The presence of IgG indicates the infection.
- Immunoglobulin a (IgA).They are produced two weeks after the penetration of pathogenic organisms, disappear after 5-8 weeks.The presence of IgA indicates an infection or that the body cleans itself.
A blood sample for ELISA passes in the morning on an empty stomach.
RNA
The reaction of indirect hemagglutination is more specific and sensitive of all serological methods.The reaction of red blood cells to the action of a variety of antigens is being studied.Evaluate the nature and intensity of red blood cell rainfall.With a high and severe intense reaction, the end of the tube is covered with adjacent red blood cells.The results of the analysis have been deciphered by the attending physician.
Rhnif
An indirect reaction of immunofluorescence allows you to identify a complex of antigen.For this, a blood sample is treated with a special serum against immunoglobulins, which contains fluorochrome in composition.After that, the sample is studied under a fluorescent microscope.
The results are evaluated by the intensity of yellow-green brightness.High subtitles indicate the presence of helminthic occupation.The attending doctor is committed to deciphering the results of the analysis.
RSK
An antibody with the corresponding antigen is formed by an immune complex that can contact an additional system.This is based on the RSK method (a reaction of complement bonding).If the antigen-antibody complex is not formed, then the complement remains free.
RSK is used to diagnose the acute phase of parasitic diseases.
Diagnosis from PCR
The reaction of the polymerase chain is a method of modern and high research.With its help, you can diagnose the presence of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, as well as intercellular parasites in the body.For analysis, blood and other biological fluids are appropriate.
The result of the polymerase chain reaction is the deciphered DNA of the parasite.You can accurately determine the type of pathogenic organism.PCR drawback is that it is impossible to detect the number of parasites and the stage of development of the disease.
cONcluSiON
Analyzes for identifying parasites must be done to each person.Regular examinations will help to avoid major health problems that provoke these small creatures.Which method of analysis is best to choose, the doctor will show.